Free Essays on Seperation Of Church And State

Government funded schools exist to instruct, not to advance religion. Youngsters are an engaged crowd. Making supplication an official piece of the school day isn't right and obtrusive. What five-year-old could see supplications recounted as a component of class normal as willful? Religion is private, and schools are open, so it is fitting that the two ought not blend. To present religion in our state funded schools fabricates dividers between kids who might not have known about strict contrasts previously. Our state funded schools are for all youngsters, regardless of whether Catholic, Baptist, Quaker, Atheist, Buddhist, Jewish, or Agnostic. The schools are upheld by all citizens, and along these lines ought to be liberated from strict observances and abuse. It is the holy obligation of guardians and holy places to ingrain strict convictions, liberated from government transcription. Standardizing petitions in government funded schools assumes control over the privileges of guardians. Individuals for school supplication botch government separation toward religion as absence of compassion. The record shows that strict convictions have thrived in this nation, not disregarding, but since of the sacred division of chapel and state (Dye). At the point when religion attacks our government funded educational system, it can single out the solitary Jewish understudy, the class Unitarian, or the detached Agnostic, the youngsters in the minority. Families who dissent state/church infringement in our government funded schools perpetually experience oppression. It was normal before the court ruling against school supplication to put non-strict or non-universal youngsters in spots of detainment during book of scriptures perusing or petition recitation (Dye). The offspring of Supreme Court offended parties against religion in schools, for example, Vashti McCollum, Ed Schempp and Ishmael Jaffree, were thumped headed to and from school, their families exposed to network badgering and passing dangers for standing up with regards to an established rule (Dye). We know from history how hurtful and damaging religio... Free Essays on Seperation Of Church And State Free Essays on Seperation Of Church And State State funded schools exist to instruct, not to advance religion. Youngsters are an enthralled crowd. Making petition an official piece of the school day isn't right and obtrusive. What five-year-old could see supplications discussed as a major aspect of class normal as deliberate? Religion is private, and schools are open, so it is fitting that the two ought not blend. To present religion in our state funded schools fabricates dividers between youngsters who might not have known about strict contrasts previously. Our government funded schools are for all kids, regardless of whether Catholic, Baptist, Quaker, Atheist, Buddhist, Jewish, or Agnostic. The schools are upheld by all citizens, and in this way ought to be liberated from strict observances and abuse. It is the holy obligation of guardians and houses of worship to impart strict convictions, liberated from government correspondence. Standardizing supplications in government funded schools assumes control over the privileges of guardians. Individuals for school supplication botch government separation toward religion as absence of compassion. The record shows that strict convictions have thrived in this nation, not despite, but since of the sacred detachment of chapel and state (Dye). At the point when religion attacks our state funded educational system, it can single out the solitary Jewish understudy, the class Unitarian, or the segregated Agnostic, the youngsters in the minority. Families who dissent state/church infringement in our government funded schools perpetually experience abuse. It was standard preceding the court ruling against school supplication to put non-strict or non-universal kids in spots of confinement during book of scriptures perusing or petition recitation (Dye). The offspring of Supreme Court offended parties against religion in schools, for example, Vashti McCollum, Ed Schempp and Ishmael Jaffree, were whipped headed to and from school, their families exposed to network badgering and passing dangers for standing up with regards to a sacred rule (Dye). We know from history how hurtful and ruinous religio...

The saudi dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The saudi dream - Essay Example One of the most utilized techniques by the initiative in Saudi so as to accomplish the Saudi dream is the part of instruction. Saudi has significantly put resources into instructing its kin. This is through structure adequate learning establishments in the nation, and outfitting the instruction division with all the vital assets for a viable instructive procedure. Also, the experts in Saudi offer grants for higher figuring out how to different understudies to facilitate their investigations. This is on the grounds that instruction is accepted to be the way to opening the Saudi dream. In the event that Saudi accomplishes its objective of instructing whatever number individuals as could reasonably be expected, at that point the nation will have drawn nearer to understanding its fantasy. This is on the grounds that, training, particularly advanced education is an extraordinary determinant of a person’s position throughout everyday life. This incorporates both financial and social remaining, just as the political standing. On the off chance that more individuals in Saudi are taught up to the degree level and past, they will most presumably secure great positions, and have the option to deal with their budgetary needs. Decent training accompanies a great job, which later converts into great pay, lastly, a great life. Despite the fact that employments are not ensured, the experts in Saudi have likewise organized monetary fortifying of the nation. Above all, training will make individuals to be increasingly learned about various life perspectives. With instructio n, youngsters of Saudi will be innovative enough to concoct new position openings and make occupations, rather than holding on to be utilized. This is a result of the elements of the worldwide economy, which similarly influence Saudi. Since information is power, the nation will be enabled, and this will be the start of better things for Saudi. So as to accomplish its fantasy, Saudi has put resources into training. Training prompts strengthening, money related opportunity, and information. Absence of these three

Live Like Stan

Live Like Stan The traffic light hanging above our car is a blur of red. Tears are burning my eyes. Ryan is seated in the passenger seat next to me. He too is teary-eyed. Its the eve of our big, 100-city book tour. The Florida sun has already set behind the Tampa Bay. Nightfall is upon us now. By the time the traffic light changes, its just a mess of wet green, a shapeless emerald cloud spilling into the nighttime ether. I received the call a moment earlier. The news: a week after Ryan avoided his own death, one of my closest friends, Stanley Dukes (pictured above), is dead. This isnt going to be easy to write.  Overwhelmed with unanswerable questions, I feel a canyon of sorrow. Fuck, I cant see past the tears. He was only 36, so Im compelled to pen a thousands cliches: Life is too short. Every day is a gift. You never know when youre going to go so live your life to the fullest. While all these truisms are apt, the truth is that Stan lived more in his three and half decades than most people could in 100 years. Stanley Dukes was a Mozart of positive living, and so his attenuated life was not in vain. Of course this doesnt erase the pain, but it makes it easier to handle. We met in the corporate world a decade ago. At first, when I was a regional manager, Stan worked for me as a store manager, but he was so talentedâ€"he added so much value to so many livesâ€"that I often felt as though I worked for him.  Although he managed dozens of employees, his genius was most pronounced in his ability to inspire people who werent self-motivated, which, if you know anything about leading people, is sort of like convincing water to be less wet. But somehow he did it, always carrying with him a smile and his PMA (Positive Mental Attitude). As a result, he was one of the most successful managers in the company. Over time, we became close friends. We shared similar values and beliefs, as well as tastes in literature and movies  and music: I traded him my overwrought short stories for his hilarious pseudonymous erotic fiction; we exchanged lines from  Glengarry Glen Ross characters; and we both shared a healthy obsession for John Mayers music.  We became so close that he is even the first person to make an appearance in my memoir,  Everything That Remains, where he pops his huge, lovable head into the very first page: Our identities are shaped by the costumes we wear. I am seated in a cramped conference room, surrounded by ghosts in shirtsleeves and pleated trousers. There are thirty-five, maybe forty, people here. Middle managers, the lot of us. Mostly Caucasian, mostly male, all oozing apathy. The group’s median complexion is that of an agoraphobe.  A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is projected onto an oversized canvas pulled from the ceiling at the front of the room. The canvas is flimsy and cracked and is a shade of off-white that suggests it’s a relic from a time when employees were allowed to smoke indoors. The rest of the room is aggressively white: the walls are white, the ceiling is white, the people are white, as if all cut from the same materials. Well, everyone except Stan, seated at the back of the room. Cincinnati’s population is forty-five percent black, but Stan is part of our company’s single-digit percentage. His comments, rarely solicited by executives, are oft-dismissed wi th a nod and a pained smile. Although he’s the size of an NFL linebacker, Stan is a paragon of kindness. But that doesn’t stop me from secretly hoping that one day he’ll get fed up with the patronizing grins and make it his duty to reformat one of the bosses’ fish-eyed faces. Of course, Stan never wouldve touched a hair on any of their balding heads. He was above that. He was above all the petty bullshit we get caught up in every day. He was above living life based on other peoples standards. His standards were too high for that. He had character. Stan contributed beyond himself. Each year at Christmastime, he dressed up as Stanta and handed out gifts to our employees. He spent many off hours donating his time to soup kitchens and Habitat for Humanity. Last year he founded a mentorship conference for young men ages 13â€"18. Stan cared. When I decided to leave the corporate world three years ago, he didnt flinch. Instead, he was the first to join me. We walked away together, guided by solidarity and a kinship thats impossible to manufacture. Before I moved to Montana, we met for coffee weekly. Our visits yielded heartfelt advice on women and life, as well as arguments over which album was John Mayers best (Heavier Things or  Battle Studies?). Everything about Stan reflected a profound Truth. Even his simple tweets were steeped in profundity: Countless essays on this site were inspired by my conversations with Stan.  Our final conversation was memetic of his life: it was short but meaningful. Three days before Thanksgiving I sent him a message: I dont have to wait till Thursday to be thankful for you. Im grateful youre in my life. To which he replied succinctly: Thanks for that. Know that I feel the same. Stan lived until he died. He truly lived. Every day. Not like most of us who walk through life like its some kind of dress rehearsal, worrying about bullshit that doesnt matter. Nope, Stan was so alive, one of the only people I know who didnt take this life for granted. If theres a lesson to be learned here, its that, like Stan, were all going to die, but few of us will be courageous enough to live as he did: honest, well-rounded, passionate, positive, and constantly improving. Above all, Stan Dukes was good people, a man I aspire to live like. That green blur overhead is my signal to step on the gas, to wipe the tears and move forward. Perhaps youll do likewise. I know Stan would. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Life And Death By Ernest Hemingway Essay - 1231 Words

Two short stories and one segment from a story that I have broke down have all been composed by the creator Ernest Hemingway, concentrating on the subject of Life and Death. Ernest Hemingway is a twentieth century American author, short story essayist and columnist. He was conceived on July 21st 1954 in Oak Park, Illinois. In the midst of his lifetime he was incorporated into World War I. He went to Italy to drive a crisis vehicle in the warzone. His relationship in the World War probably left a couple stamps on him as he received genuine damage within his time in Europe. Maybe that harm made him comprehend that he needs to take everything life conveys to him to the table. His books and stories were to a great extent impacted by his affection for travelling, and in addition his contribution in World War I which prompt to a written work style that set up significance through dialogue, action and silence. For the duration of his life, he distributed seven books, six short story accumul ations, and two true to life works, and additionally three books, four short story accumulations, and three true to life works which were distributed after death. In 1954 he was granted the Nobel Literature prize in acknowledgment of his work. The three short stories that will be broke down are: `The snows of the Himalayas, †¦ .. Hemingway opens The snows of the Himalayas with two individuals who are talking; additionally, they are discussing torment and a repulsive smell (I m horrendously sadShow MoreRelated A Comparison of Hemingway and Frederic in A Farewell to Arms1690 Words   |  7 PagesParallels Between Hemingway and Frederic in A Farewell to Arms      Ã‚  Ã‚   All fiction is autobiographical, no matter how obscure from the authors experience it may be, marks of their life can be detected in any of their tales(Bell, 17).   A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway is based largely on Hemingways own personal experiences.   The main character of the novel, Frederic Henry, experiences many of the same situations that Hemingway lived.   Some of these similarities are exact, while someRead More Ernets Hemingway Essay example1287 Words   |  6 Pages Ernest Hemingway I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Introduction to Ernest Hemingway II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Life and Times A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early Life 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Birth 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Parents 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Siblings 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hobbies B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adulthood 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;War 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;MarriageRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway1676 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway During his life, Ernest Hemingway has used his talent as a writer in many novels, nonfiction, and short stories, and today he is recognized to be maybe the best-known American writer of the twentieth century (Stories for Students 243). In his short stories Hemingway reveals his deepest and most enduring themes-death, writing, machismo, bravery, and the alienation of men in the modern world (Stories for Students 244). The Snows ofRead MoreSymbolism In Ernest Hemingways The Snows Of Kiilimanjaro1222 Words   |  5 Pagesmajesty associated with the three dormant volcanoes. Ernest Hemingway, one of the great American 20th century novelists, visit the house of God through his short story â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro†. Hemingway uses strong symbolic imagery to connect his readers with the life changing realizations of his main character Harry. The symbolism used in â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† pertain not only to the main character, but also to the life of Ernest Hemingway. At the beginning of the short story, Harry commentsRead More Critiques of Ernest Hemingways Novel, Death in the Afternoon1434 Words   |  6 PagesCritiques of Ernest Hemingways Novel, Death in the Afternoon Ernest Hemingways Death in the Afternoon shows a new side of Hemingways writing which initially disappointed the critics. Published in 1932, Death in the Afternoon was not the expected fictional novel, but instead was more of a nonfiction description of bullfighting and Spanish culture in the 1920s and 1930s. In Curtis Pattersons words, It is a tripartite work: bullfighting in Spain, plus semi-autobiographical details ofRead MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway1411 Words   |  6 Pages(shmoop.com). Ernest Hemingway was an honest and noble man. His life was highlighted by his successful writing career that brought him fame, fortune, but ultimately loneliness. Ernest Hemingway fell into a hole of drinking and depression (lib.utexas.edu). It was odd for Hemingway to become so emotionally unstable after having a happy childhood, quality experiences, and a successful writing career. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park Illinois in 1899. Oak Park was the town in which Ernest spent hisRead MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway â€Å"But man is not made for defeat, he said. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.† (Hemingway, 29). This is one of the lines that Ernest Hemingway uses in one of his books, titled, â€Å"The Old Man and The Sea.† It was published in 1952, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize the following year. The story of an old fishermans journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, was considered to be the most popular of all his works. Fortunately for this well-known author, heRead MoreA Farewell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway Analysis747 Words   |  3 PagesA Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway (born on July 21,1899 and died on July 2,1961) He was raised in Chicago, and he moved to Paris after marriage. Hemingway contributed to literature during his time by writing for his high school newspaper and later became a journalist for Kansas City Star. He also became a companion of a lot of successful writers with Gertrude Stein teaching him. (â€Å"Ernest Hemingw ay† Biography.com) †¢ Original publication- September 1929 (â€Å"Ernest Hemingway† Biography.com) †¢ TheRead MoreThe Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingway Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingway Death is not the biggest fear we have; our biggest fear is taking the risk to be alive. Yet death is something that is inevitable, and for some shortcoming. In Ernest Hemingways The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber, Francis Macomber deals with the humiliation of being a coward and the constant battle for a little boy to come of age. Hemingway explores the theme of death through metaphors and influential symbols, ironicallyRead More Ernest Hemingway’s Portrayal of Masculinity Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway’s Portrayal of Masculinity When thinking of masculinity in literature, one author has who has become synonymous with manliness comes to mind, Ernest Hemingway. Critics have spent countless hours studying his writing in order to gain insight into his world of manly delights, including his views on sex, war, and sport. His views can be seen through his characters, his themes and even his style of writing. The characters in Hemingway’s stories reveal much about how he feels

Racism During The Holocaust By Elie Wiesel - 1285 Words

Racism in Extreme Ways In 1944-1945, Elie Wiesel was one of the few survivors to witness the lives during the Holocaust. He was only 15 years old to experience many brutal and harsh treatment between the Jews and the non-Jews. Growing up, Wiesel had faced many prejudice in the concentration camp as a prisoner by the Gestapos and other non-Jew workers. In 1960, Wiesel wanted to share his past experiences from the Holocaust by writing his memoir. In his memoir, Night, Elie Wiesel discusses the theme of Racism. Through his use of atmosphere, tone, and foreshadowing, Wiesel is saying to reader that when one group deems themselves superior to another, they take the humanity away from the lesser groups. One of the†¦show more content†¦Although, at the same time German SS guards still treat the workers poorly having physically and mentally worked to death. It is to show how the Germans atrociously plan their ideas to exterminate the Jews simply because they are viewed as animals. By using light and dark atmospheres, Wiesel could successfully let the reader understand his overall message. Next, Wiesel creates subdue tones to emphasize how the Germans treat the Jews like wild animals and not civilized people. Throughout his memoir, Elie had used several sadden tones to describe everybody’s vulnerable part of being who they are based on their race. The Jews were very vulnerable because they are the main target for Germans to strip out of society. â€Å"As they pass through German towns, some of the locals throw bread into the car in order to enjoy watching the Jews kill each other for the food,† (Wiesel 73). This showed non-Jewish locals enjoyed watching Jewish prisoners acting like animals fighting to death for food. This creates an appalling tone to reason why prisoners are acting like feral animals because they fear death and are trying to survive but the Germans will not feed them as they are viewed not superior. In another event, Elie’ s father had a colic disease and he politely asked the SS guard where the lavatories are and the SS guard did not reply to his question instead he smacked Elie’s father so hard that he fell to the ground. â€Å"As if wanted to convince himself that this manShow MoreRelatedNight by Ellie Wiesel: The Experience of a Young Boy Trapped in the Holocaust843 Words   |  4 PagesThe book â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel is non-fiction, which is based on Elie’s experience throughout the Holocaust as a young boy. Evidently the protagonist of this book is Elie, and he explains in detail everything that happens as he was a young â€Å"normal† child, to when he escapes from the concentration camp years later. His life before the Holocaust was very different from his life during the Holocaust. This experience led him to grow quickly and have a different perspective of life and society. EverythingRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Night, And Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee And Night By Elie Wiesel1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthat have sparked conversations about human rights. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Night by Elie Wiesel are two novels that have done just that. Night depicts a firsthand account of the horrors the Jewish people faced during the Holocaust. A similar story is told in To Kill a Mockingbird with the plights of African Americans in the south. Although these novels take place over during different decades and to completely different groups of people, they share similar themes of prejudiceRead MoreJewish Literature And The Holocaust899 Words   |  4 PagesHolocaust literature is one of the emerging field in literature during the second half of the twentieth century. Several Holocaust survivors wrote about the atrocities they witnessed and their experiences during the incarceration. The word â€Å"Holocaust† encompasses images of death, horror, and inhumanity. Although many survivors find it difficult to talk aabout their experience, some of the took an oath to use their pen to protest against such horrible genocide and to make sure that this would neverRead MoreThe Almost White Boy Analysis755 Words   |  4 PagesIn Elie Wiesel’s Night and Richard Motley’s â€Å"The Almost White Boy†, the authors both reveal that hatred for others exists because one is taught to hate. The two narratives are similar because people were discouraged and unwelcomed based on the race they are. Each piece is unique because in the narrative Night, you are punished for who you are; even if you are a citizen to the country you live in. Throughout the narrative, the Holocaust is taking place, tons of jews are being killed or worked likeRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pages Eliezer â€Å"Elie† Wiesel, a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate and Holocaust survivor, acknowledged that â€Å"There is so much injustice and suffe ring crying out for our attention: victims of hunger, of racism, and political persecution, writers and poets, prisoners in so many lands governed by the left and by the right. Human rights are being violated on every continent. More people are oppressed than free.† When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they believed thatRead MoreFrom An Ordinary Man Analysis866 Words   |  4 Pagesprejudice and hostility targeting groups of color or ethnic backgrounds in various ways. â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel is a story about the authors experience during the Holocaust and how he survived through the harsh treatment of the concentration camps. Paul Rusesabagina’s â€Å"From An Ordinary Man† is about how the author saved many people from an ongoing tribe attack by putting them in his hotel. In Elie Wiesel’s â€Å"Night†and Paul Rusesabaginas â€Å"From An Ordinary Man†, both the authors use of overall purposeRead MoreA Brief Biography of Elie Wiesel636 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes†. Elie Wiesel was born September 30, 1928, in Sighet, Romania; immigrated to the United States, 1956 naturalized U.S. citizen, 1963. Attended Sorbonne, University of Paris, 1948-51. He was a Jewish journalist and academic. In the spring of 1944, the Nazis entered the Transylvanian village of Sighet, Romania, until then a relvatively safe and peaceful enclave in the middle of a war- torn continent. TheyRead MoreThe Muslim Genocide that Took Place in Europe663 Words   |  3 Pagesencourages the tormentor, never the tormented†(Wiesel). Just like Elie Wiesel mentioned, one must never remain silent when such atrocities are occurring. Although there may be times where one feels powerless to injustices there should never be a time where one fails to protest. Silence is the reason for the moral crimes that have happened in history and are still going on to this day. Genocides have always happened because of silence. Just like Elie Wiesel questioned God’s silence in Night, he also questionedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Night By Elie Wiesel882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jewish Holocaust was a traumatic event that took place from the early 1930s to the mid 1940s. During the Holocaust, the Germans believed that they had racial authority among other civilians. Under the rule of Adolf Hitler, the NAZIs targeted Jews and other groups due to their perceived racial inferiority. For instance, they persecuted Jews, Gypsies, Elderly, Mentally Disabled, and Homosexuals (etc.) because they believed that they did not portray the behavior of the so-called â€Å"social norms†Read MoreNight And To Kill A Mockingbird1948 Words   |  8 Pagesinnocence after being exposed to prejudice and racism, major themes in both books. Elie Wiesel published Night, twelve years after the Holocaust, in 1960. This book, a memoir o f the Holocaust, was written from the author’s point of view after their experiences in the horrific time. In Night, Elie, a young boy, loses his innocence after staying in several concentration camps, and being exposed to murder, prejudice, and sadism. Throughout the book, Elie experiences traumatic events, such as children

Why Study Organizations Free Essays

In order to answer an essay question, first of all, we need to understand what is meant by the term ‘organization’ from the sociological point of view. Then we need to understand what role organizations are playing in our life and why it is essential to study them. As we can imagine, there are different types of organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Study Organizations? or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of them have their own structure and purpose. In this essay I would like to focus on business organizations: how they appeared and developed; how employees’ relations were changing, etc. I would like to pay the specific attention to such department as Human Resource Management – how this term appeared and why it is so important nowadays. So, why do we actually need to study organizations? This question, from my point of view, has a very easy and obvious answer: we need to study organizations for the same reason we study the world around us. We are intelligent and curious people. We always need an explanation of what is happening, how the things are working, and what place do we take among other people. Organizations are the huge part of our modern daily life: we either study or work for them, or we are obtaining goods and services from them. We are interacting with organizations all the time, so it is not surprising, that we want to study them; and it does not matter if you are a manager or consumer – you are still involved in it and you want to be aware of what is happening around you. What is organization? In sociology term ‘organization’ has a very general meaning. This â€Å"is basically a structure for carrying out a particular social activity on a regular basis† (Fulcher and Scott, 2009; p. 542). All the organizations have such features as specific goal, defined membership, rules of behaviour, and authority relationships. This is also important to mention, that all organizations have the characteristic of continuity. This means that personnel can be changing, but the organization will still exist. There is no clear definition of what social units come into the category of organizations. Some of them are easy to define, other will bring us some difficulties. For instance, business corporations, schools, hospitals, trade unions are definitely organizations, as they all have the characteristics mentioned before. On the other hand, communities, social groups, and class are not organizations, as they do not have rules of behaviour or specific goals. The problem can occur, when we come across the term ‘institution’. The first thing we need to understand here is that organization is not an institution. Institution is â€Å"an established practice that regulate the various activities that make up social life† (Fulcher and Scott, 2009; p. 543). The most common examples of institutions in daily life are weddings and funerals. Although, these are two different terms, there is one class of organizations which is called total institution. Most of the organizations leave people with their separate private lives, but it is not the case with total institution. It is characterised by such features as disappearance of private life, planned and supervised activities, sharp division between staff and inmates, the mortification of the self. The biggest examples of the total institution are mental hospital and prison, where people are isolated from the outside world and society. Now we know what defines organizations, but we still did not get to the point why do we need to study them. From my point of view, it is essential to look at the historical background of organizations. We need to understand how they were appearing and developing trough the time, in order to understand how they are functioning nowadays. In this essay I have decided to look specifically at one type of organizations – business corporations. Weber (1914) said that modern society is distinguished from the earlier one by the appearance of the multiplicity of administrative tasks and the need to expertise and carry them. He called it â€Å"the increasing complexity of civilization†. Weber said that this phenomenon is caused by growing size of organizations, greater wealth and increasing social problems. If we would refer to the history of organizations, we can see the significant changes in structure, polices, employee relations, values, etc. The first interest in organizations appeared in the 19th century, which was driven by industrialization. Industrial revolution was caused by development of technologies, which completely changed the structure of most of the organizations, and lead to the transformation of society. The introduction of manufacturing process completely changed the employment relations. Discipline was the key feature of the new organization, as it helped to control and organize people more effectively – this lead to the process of bureaucratization. New industrialists were looking for the profitable production. In order to achieve it, they needed punctuality and uninterrupted work during fixed hours from their employees. These targets were achieved by bureaucratisation, which was central to the administrative revolution. These rganizations were highly rational, they functioned in a discipline and unemotional manner, their activities were calculated, systematic and predictable. This approach helped the manufacturers maximize the return on their capital. This new manufacturing process was the beginning of the new era of employment relations. Bureaucracy is a systematic approach; all the workers had their duties and were paid respectively. But, as many other theories, this sys tem did not work so smooth in the real life, as it seemed on paper. Employers’ main purpose was to increase the profit, in order to do so, they were underpaying their employees. At the beginning people were happy just to have jobs, but the time passed and workers started to understand and fight for their human rights. This situation caused the appearance of the new type of organizations called ‘trade unions’. Trade union is an organization of workers, who tied together in order to achieve better working conditions. It is suggested that the origins of trade unions lay in the failure of the early Factory act to protect children and women at the work place; as a result many began to work together, forming unions to agitate for change in the law and greater respect for the workers (BBC). As we can see, relationships between employers and workers were getting more and more complicated. In order to keep company’s profitability, employers had to meet workers’ conditions – this brought the necessity of new management approach, which was called scientific or personnel management. This approach was first introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th century. Personnel Management was an administrative record-keeping function; it attempted to maintain fair terms and conditions for employees. This was the beginning of the employee relations. Its main idea was to pay people for their productivity, the new reward system was introduced. In other words people were paid for the amount of time they worked and for the quantity of items they produced. This was the beginning of new era of management. Lately Personnel Management evolved into the Human Resource Management, it was again caused by the employee’s unsatisfied demands. People were paid properly, but it was not enough anymore. Workers were tired of being treated as machines, they were demanding for more personal attitude. It was the time when Human Resource Management was introduced. It was concerned with carrying out the same functional activities traditionally performed by the personnel function, such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, etc. But HRM approach was looking at employees from the point of view, that they are the main organizational assets. It was seeking to achieve the competitive advantage trough the strategic development of highly committed and capable work force. In other words, employers were trying to create the comfortable and friendly working environment, in order to keep the best employees in the company. As we can see from the historical background, there were massive changes in the organizational structure; and these changes appeared in a relatively small amount of time. We are living in the world of progress, where everything is developing so fast, that it is sometimes very hard to catch up. By ‘everything’ I mean every aspect of our lives: technologies, government, countries, and of course people. People is the most important cause of all these changes: organization, on the first place, is all about its employees – without them it wouldn’t exist. Thinking about personal development, I would like to mention Maslow Hierarchy of needs: This pyramid clearly explains how workers’ needs were changing through the time: first of all they needed job to earn money for living; when they got it they needed to be secure that their income would be stable (Trade Unions appear); then they needed to feel comfortable in their working environment (Personnel Management); the top two requirements consider the personal recognition and the opportunity for development (this is what HRM is dealing with). Summarising everything said above, we can finally try to answer the question: â€Å"Why do we need to study organizations? † Organizations are imprescriptible part of our life: we are dealing with them practically in any aspect of our lives. We all study at the University at the moment, which means we are all part of this organization. In the future we are going to find the job and, most likely nowadays, going to be the part of another organization. As we can see, we cannot avoid this component of our life. As the Latin saying claims: â€Å"Forewarned, forearmed†. Studying organisations gives us an opportunity to know more about the world we live in, to know our lives and grab our chances. As we can see from the history. It was people, who changed the structure of organizations – simple workers, who was looking for better life. The world has changed a lot and it keeps on changing. Organizations nowadays have to be more flexible and open-minded, in order to attract the best ‘human assets’ and remain competitive; enormous amounts of money are spent on the Human Resource Development. There is prediction that the relationship that individuals will have with organizations will change: there were no longer be fixed working lives. People still need to earn money, but they do not want to be tied up with their jobs. Humanity is developing, we are having different demands and priorities from our predecessors. To go with the times, we need to study the society we live in, and organizations is one of its biggest and important parts nowadays. References 1. BBC/Learning zone Broad Band. Why Did the Trade Unions Come About? Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/why-did-the-trade-unions-come-about/11082.html Accessed: 20/03/2011 2. Bratton, J. Gold, J. (2007) Human Resource Management: Theory Practice (4th edition). Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke. 3. Clegg, S. and Hardy, C. (1999), Studying Organizations: Theory and Method. London: Sage. 4. Clegg, S. Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T. (2008) Managing and Organizations: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. London: Sage. 5. Fulcher, J. and Scott, J. (2009) Sociology (OUP, 3rd edition). Oxford University Press. 6. Giddens, Anthony. (2009) Sociology (6th edition). Cambridge: Polity Press. 7. Storey, J. (1995), Human Resource Management. London: Routledge. How to cite Why Study Organizations?, Papers

Entrepreneurship for Several Principles - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurship for Several Principles of Teaching. Answer: Entrepreneurial thinking involves getting into the stories of certain individuals and realizes how they find the reason of specific problems to transform an idea into specific firm. The entrepreneurial thinking lets an individual to talk to others and solve decision problems for building a company based on the same product idea. Thorough analysis of gathered information leads to several principles of teaching. When this set of principles is put together based on logic to distinguish the rational form which can be recognized as entrepreneurial. The reasons that become clear in such a way can be termed as entrepreneurial reasoning. Entrepreneurial thinking is different from causal thinking as the latter one is a set of pre- decided goal with given series of means to find out the suitable, fastest, cheapest and the most effective way to achieve the target goal. Causal reasoning involves make vs. buy decision in production or selection of the target market. Causal reasoning is also involves the making of extra alternatives for attaining the target goal. Entrepreneurial thinking does not start with a fixed target goal unlike causal thinking. Rather, it allows the goals to emerge gradually from imagination and aspiration (Sarasvathy 2001, p. 2). To be able to think like an expert entrepreneur is the best option for an individual. The experts choose entrepreneurial reasoning over causal reasoning because it is effective in the beginning of a new venture as most of the entrepreneurs do not do well with the growing of the company which needs causal reasoning. It is essential for an entrepreneur to be creative so to think like an expert entrepreneur is very relevant to the major field of study. It is mentioned in the study that both causal and entrepreneurial reasoning requires skills and training for the specific domain but entrepreneurial thinking demands more spontaneity, imagination, innovation, improvisation along with salesmanship and risk taking. The relevance lies in the field of study because the entrepreneurs begin the process of entrepreneurship with their own identity, abilities, likes and what is their knowledge base along with the knowledge of their acquaintances. These ways are used by the entrepreneurs to think a nd imply the feasible effects. This is because they start with a meager means which are instantly available at a close distance and move towards their target without much planning and plotting. Causal reasoning involves proper planning and execution but entrepreneurial thinking involves only execution. (399 words) About entrepreneurial mindset, the author has mentioned that uncertainty can be used for the benefit of an individual to create a way of thinking about the business which grabs the advantages of uncertainty. It is important to note in this book that if the entrepreneurial nature becomes secondary then it will be easy to recognize the uncertain and potential opportunities in the market which can be exploited with total confidence and speed. The author stated that at this particular point, uncertainty gets the support of the individual instead of negligence. The points mentioned in this book by McGrath and MacMillan (2000, p. 2) can be argued that as the success of entrepreneurship is action- oriented therefore the contents of this book are intended to give insights that can be put instantly to work even in uncertain situations. Again, it can be argued that the concepts are made in such a way that they are easy and simple to describe. With rapid movement, only confusion and delay is caused because of complexity. A role of an entrepreneur is to solve complexity such that the colleagues can retain their self- confidence. The major field of study is entrepreneurial mindset which grabs the individual when he begins to think and act as the unusual people who are known as habitual entrepreneurs. These individuals start their careers by making business, working in a business or starting independent ventures. This book focuses on the observation carried out by these entrepreneurs, their thinking, behavior and what is their actual ability. They mainly look into the factor of uncertainty to create simplicity in those areas which are found complex by others and they also engage in adopting learning taken from calculated risks. They are able to determine the passing opportunities which can be expensive to be slow rather than be wrong. (299 words) Reference McGrath, R.G. and MacMillan, I.C., 2000.The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty(Vol. 284). Harvard Business Press. Sarasvathy, S.D., 2001. What makes entrepreneurs entrepreneurial?.